正在編輯用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations （章節）

== Political motives ==

=== No pope can enact a crusade without sufficient political context ===

* Religious motive alone cannot call a crusade
* 1074: Gregory VII tried to launch crusade
* 1165: Alexander III tried to launch crusade
* Nobody came
* Political context not yet sufficient

=== First Crusade ===

==== Threat to Byzantium ====
* Up to 1005, pushed to existential crisis
** Alexius pleads for help in March
* Seljuk Turks marched through Asia Minor
** 1005 Kilij Arslan was in Nicea, Turks were at the walls of Constantinople
* For Urban II he was able to give real reality to his plea for a crusade
** Threat and pollution are not abstract
** Close and dangerous reality

==== Papal Monarchy ====
* Challenges faced
** 1088 Frankopan argued Urban did not have the power
** Henry IV supported the Antipope
** Gregory VII driven out of Rome after Investiture controversy
** Urban had to fight against an enemy supported by the German Empire
** Urban was losing
** Antipope Clemont III was in power
** With help of Matilda of Tuscany gets back to Rome
** Henry IV loses influence
*** Wife accuses of sexual depravity+support Urban
*** Conrad turns to Urban
*** Excommunicated
** Philip I of France loses power
*** Abandoned his Queen to marry Betrada of Monfort, wife of Count Fulk of Anjou
*** Excommunicated
** Allows Urban to have the power and influence to launch crusade
** Sccessfully campaigns to secure Jerusalem
** Would also be a temporal leader in one papal monarch
** May unite Eastern and Western churches

==== Violence ====
* Violence in France
* Class trained for war (knights)
** No war=no purpose
* France divided
* Internal conflicts
* That violence threatened the papacy
* Papacy was seeking to use crusade to remove violence from Latin Europe
* Peace of God: protecting certain ppl
* Truce of God: stop all violence on certain days

=== II crusade ===
Relationship with Byzantium breaks down

* 1108: crusade against Bzantium
** Byzantines were in alliance with Turks against crusaders
** Crusaders aware not about seeking papal monarchy
* Cannot united eastern and western 
* Shifts to '''Defence of Outremer''' from Jihadi threat
* 1119: Battle of the field of blood: Jihadi victory
** 1144: fall of Edessa

=== III crusade ===

* Defence of Outremer more of a catalyst
* Loss of Jerusalem
* Richard and Philip drives a new crusade