「用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/Hastings Notes」：修訂間差異

新增連結
出自合眾百科 Unitedbook
互動式瀏覽歷史
視覺化wikitext
 
（未顯示同一使用者於中間所作的 6 次修訂）
第1行： 第1行：
== Essay Introduction ==
The Battle of Hastings in 1066 marked a '''crucial turning point in English history'''. The victory of William, Duke of Normandy, over Harold Godwinson of England had '''far-reaching consequences'''. This essay aims to assess the extent to which (William's skills/Harold's mistakes) contributed to his triumph in the Hastings campaign. While (William's skills/Harold's mistakes) such as... played a significant role, it is important to acknowledge that (Harold's mistakes/William's skills) and other factors also influenced the outcome of the battle.
== William's Skills ==
== William's Skills ==


第9行： 第12行：
* Good tactics: '''besieging'''
* Good tactics: '''besieging'''
* Good '''knowledge of army divisions'''
* Good '''knowledge of army divisions'''
* Knew how to build take and defend '''castles'''
* Knew how to build, take and defend '''castles'''
* '''Alencon''' besieged and caused Castles to surrender
* '''Alencon''' besieged and caused Castles to surrender
* Known for his '''careful preparation'''
* Known for his '''careful preparation'''
第48行： 第51行：
=== Preparation ===
=== Preparation ===


* Harold fell into '''William's trap'''
==== Harold fell into '''William's trap''' ====
** William ravaged land to gain Harold's attention and '''make him come to Hastings asap'''
* William ravaged land to gain Harold's attention and '''make him come to Hastings asap'''
*** So that Harold would have a '''tired and unprepared''' troop
** So that Harold would have a '''tired and unprepared''' troop
** Possibly the result of a '''personal desire to avenge''' the damage done to his land
* Possibly the result of a '''personal desire to avenge''' the damage done to his ancestral land
** Harold travelled '''350km down Ermine Street''' after the Battle of Stamford bridge
* Harold travelled '''350km down Ermine Street''' after the Battle of Stamford bridge
*** Left his troops exhausted
** Left his troops exhausted
** The decision to force an early confrontation can be seen as '''reckless''' in the extreme
* The decision to force an early confrontation can be seen as '''reckless''' in the extreme


* Left his '''Archers and Edwin and Morcar''' at Stamford Bridge
* Left his '''Archers and Edwin and Morcar''' at Stamford Bridge
* Stopped to pray at '''Walton Abbey''' and wasted time
 
* Allowed himself to become a '''victim of Norman propaganda'''
==== Stopped to pray at '''Walton Abbey''' and wasted time ====
** Drinking and partying after defeating Tostig
 
===== Allowed himself to become a '''victim of Norman propaganda''' =====
* '''Drinking and partying after defeating Tostig'''
* Accoridng to the '''Bayeux Tapestry'''
** During the '''1064 Campaign to Normandy'''
** Harold travelled to Normandy
** '''Swore an oath''' that he would support William’s claim to the English crown
*** If Edward the Confessor die without an heir
** When Harold enthroned himself
*** William used this to justify his invasion
** Harold '''allowed himself to become a victim of Norman propaganda'''
** Did not defend himself against Norman allegations with Alexander II
** Did not defend himself against Norman allegations with Alexander II
** Damaged the morale of Harold's army
*** Damaged the morale of Harold's army and helped William recruit men


=== Battle ===
=== Battle ===


* Had to '''move south under conditions favourable to William''' due to the raiding of the surrounding area
==== Had to '''move south under conditions favourable to William''' due to the raiding of the surrounding area ====
** Waiting would have allowed Harold to assemble an overwhelming army
* Waiting would have allowed Harold to assemble an overwhelming army
*** His army was '''already roughly the same size''' as William's army
** His army was '''already roughly the same size''' as William's army
**** However they were '''underprepared, under strength and tired'''
*** However they were '''underprepared, under strength and tired'''
**** '''Untrained peasants''' were also behind huscarls in the shield war
*** '''Untrained peasants''' were also behind '''huscarls''' in the shield war
**** Not the same as William's trained force
*** Not the same as William's trained force
* '''Lacked inspiration''' during the battle
 
** Stuck tactically with the '''shield wall'''
==== '''Lacked inspiration''' during the battle ====
** Just hoping to wait it out
* Stuck tactically with the '''shield wall'''
* Just hoping to wait it out
* eventually it broke and Harold lost the war


=== However ===
=== However ===


* It can be argued that Harold '''did not have a choice'''
==== It can be argued that Harold '''did not have a choice''' ====
** If he did not react fast enough William might have kept on ravaging land and the country would still fall to him
* If he did not react fast enough '''William might have kept on ravaging land''' and the country would still fall to him
** It can also be argued that it was to keep William trapped at Hastings and starve him of supplies or to try the element of surprise
* It can also be argued that it was to '''keep William trapped at Hastings''' and starve him of supplies or to try the element of surprise


== Other Factors ==
== Other Factors ==
第85行： 第100行：
=== Unequal Armies ===
=== Unequal Armies ===


* Although roughly equal in size
* The two armies were unequal in terms of
* The two armies were unequal in terms of
** '''Type of soldier'''
** '''Type of soldier'''
第90行： 第106行：
** '''Professionalism'''
** '''Professionalism'''
** '''Energy'''
** '''Energy'''
* William had an army with heavy cavalry and archers
* William had an army with '''heavy cavalry and archers'''
* Fighting on foot '''made it hard for Harold to stop the shield wall''' from breaking up if he needed to  
* Fighting on foot '''made it hard for Harold to stop the shield wall''' from breaking up if he needed to  


於 2024年5月7日 (二) 16:15 的最新修訂

Essay Introduction[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

The Battle of Hastings in 1066 marked a crucial turning point in English history. The victory of William, Duke of Normandy, over Harold Godwinson of England had far-reaching consequences. This essay aims to assess the extent to which (William's skills/Harold's mistakes) contributed to his triumph in the Hastings campaign. While (William's skills/Harold's mistakes) such as... played a significant role, it is important to acknowledge that (Harold's mistakes/William's skills) and other factors also influenced the outcome of the battle.

William's Skills[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Military Experience[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Always won praise for his valour
  • Had almost 2 decades of combat experience in Normandy
    • At his peak in terms of his state as a warrior
    • Experienced 1st battle at Val es Dunes, Henry I of France vs Norman rebels
  • Good tactics: besieging
  • Good knowledge of army divisions
  • Knew how to build, take and defend castles
  • Alencon besieged and caused Castles to surrender
  • Known for his careful preparation

Securing Backup of the Nobles and Magnates[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Many believed it was too hazardous and beyond the resources of Normandy
  • Persuaded them through force of personality and promise of great rewards
  • Concept of a Holy Crusade
  • Send the Norman Case to Alexander II by Lanfranc
  • Probable that he stressed Harold's perjury and moral corruption of the English Church
  • Convinced the Pope
  • Alexander gave them the Papal banner
  • Attracted support from Norman magnates and knights from outside Normandy

Leadership[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Proclaimed that he "grabbed England with both hands"
    • Raised the spirits of his men
  • Managed logistics effectively to sustain his troops, notably his cavalry force
  • Moved to Hastings
    • Large harbour, defensible location in the event of a retreat
  • William's Plan
    • Temp a tired Harold into early battle to prevent facing the Winter blockaded in the Hastings peninsula
    • Ravaged land
    • Trap worked
      • He chose the time and place of battle instead of Harold
  • During the Battle
    • William warned his men that
      • Retreat was impossible
      • Defeat meant death
      • God was on their side
      • The Pope blessed their crusade
  • William had the determination to rally his troops and ordered one last assault to break the enemy line

Harold's Mistakes[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Preparation[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Harold fell into William's trap[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • William ravaged land to gain Harold's attention and make him come to Hastings asap
    • So that Harold would have a tired and unprepared troop
  • Possibly the result of a personal desire to avenge the damage done to his ancestral land
  • Harold travelled 350km down Ermine Street after the Battle of Stamford bridge
    • Left his troops exhausted
  • The decision to force an early confrontation can be seen as reckless in the extreme
  • Left his Archers and Edwin and Morcar at Stamford Bridge

Stopped to pray at Walton Abbey and wasted time[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Allowed himself to become a victim of Norman propaganda[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
  • Drinking and partying after defeating Tostig
  • Accoridng to the Bayeux Tapestry
    • During the 1064 Campaign to Normandy
    • Harold travelled to Normandy
    • Swore an oath that he would support William’s claim to the English crown
      • If Edward the Confessor die without an heir
    • When Harold enthroned himself
      • William used this to justify his invasion
    • Harold allowed himself to become a victim of Norman propaganda
    • Did not defend himself against Norman allegations with Alexander II
      • Damaged the morale of Harold's army and helped William recruit men

Battle[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Had to move south under conditions favourable to William due to the raiding of the surrounding area[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Waiting would have allowed Harold to assemble an overwhelming army
    • His army was already roughly the same size as William's army
      • However they were underprepared, under strength and tired
      • Untrained peasants were also behind huscarls in the shield war
      • Not the same as William's trained force

Lacked inspiration during the battle[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Stuck tactically with the shield wall
  • Just hoping to wait it out
  • eventually it broke and Harold lost the war

However[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

It can be argued that Harold did not have a choice[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • If he did not react fast enough William might have kept on ravaging land and the country would still fall to him
  • It can also be argued that it was to keep William trapped at Hastings and starve him of supplies or to try the element of surprise

Other Factors[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

Unequal Armies[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Although roughly equal in size
  • The two armies were unequal in terms of
    • Type of soldier
    • Time for preparation
    • Professionalism
    • Energy
  • William had an army with heavy cavalry and archers
  • Fighting on foot made it hard for Harold to stop the shield wall from breaking up if he needed to

Timing[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Lucky to have landed at the time he did while Harold was up north fighting Tostig
  • Edwin and Morcar were unable to fight as they were still in the North
  • Harold's fyrd had to demobilise to collect harvests in early september 1066
    • Harold lost a part of his army

Retreat of the Breton Division[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Caused the breakdown of Harold's shield wall
  • Caused Anglo Saxon forces to be encircled.

Halley's comet[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

  • Seen as an important omen of Harold's fate
  • Damaged the morale of Harold's army
取自 "https://www.unitedbook.org/index.php?title=用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/Hastings_Notes&oldid=15658"